The Unbearable Inevitable...puerto Rican Genealogy

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The Unbearable Inevitable...puerto Rican Genealogy

The Unbearable Inevitable.puerto Rican Genealogy Society
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The Unbearable Inevitable.puerto Rican Genealogy Dna Testing
Last Name Maternal Surname First Name Middle Name Other Name Alternate Spelling. — President-elect Joe Biden on Monday received his first dose of the coronavirus vaccine on live television as part of a growing effort to convince the American public the inoculations are safe.The president-elect took a dose of Pfizer vaccine at a hospital not far from his Delaware home, hours after his wife, Jill Biden, did the same. The injections came the same day that a. Puerto Rico Genealogy Puerto Rico Genealogy covers information about an island located in the Caribbean, that is just east of the island of Hispaniola and west of the Virgin Islands. Initially, the island was populated by indigenous people when Europeans arrived in 1493.
The last full US census results, from 2010, showed 3,725,789 people that inhabit the island of Puerto Ricomake it one of the most densely populated islands in the world. Thereare about 1,000 people per square mile, a ratio higher than within any of the 50 states in the United States. 
On August 2012, the number of Puerto Ricans on the U.S. mainland reached a record - 4.9 million. Had these people remained in Puerto Rico, the island would be so densely populated that there would be virtually no room for people to live. Because of the massive migration to the mainland, more Puerto Ricans are said to live in New York City than in San Juan. 
On March 27, 2014 the U.S. Census Bureau announced that the island's total population fell from about 3.7 million in 2010 to 3.6 million in 2013. The government stated that more than 450,000 people have left the island in the past decade. The majority are settling in U.S. states including New York and Florida.
On the island, one-third of the population is concentrated in the San Juan-Carolina-Bayamón metropolitan area. The largest city is San Juan, the island's capital. It has a population of 395,326 (2010), making it the 46th largest city in the USA. The second largest city is Bayamón, with 208,116 people and is the 103rd largest city in America. Other major cities include Carolina (176,762), Ponce (166,327) and Caguas (142,893).
What is the Puerto Rican population of the World?
It is estimated that the total Puerto Rican population is over 8.6 million. This number identifies geographic areas with significant Puerto Rican populations, year sources vary.
Race and Ethnic GroupsThe people of Puerto Rico represent a cultural and racial mix because of centuries of immigration and cultural assimilation. When the Spanish forced the Taíno people into slavery, the entire indigenous population was virtually decimated, except for a few Amerindians who escaped into the remote mountains. Eventually they inter-married with the poor Spanish farmers and became known as jíbaros. Because of industrialization and migration to the cities, few jíbaros remain. 
Interesting Fact
Puerto Ricans are known for their warm hospitality, often considered very friendly and expressive to strangers. Greetings are often cordial and genuine. When people are first introduced, a handshake is usual, however, close friends and family members always greet you hello or goodbye with a kiss on the cheek or a combination hug and kiss. This happens between female friends and between men and women, but not between male friends. 
Puerto Ricans are best known by speaking using lively hand and facial gestures, as hand and body language are important forms of communication. 
Besides the slaves imported from Africa (Sudan, Kongo, Senegal,Guinea, Sierra Leona, and the Gold, Ivory, and Grain coasts), otherethnic groups brought to work on the plantations joined the island'sracial mix. Fleeing Simón Bolívar's independence movementsin South America, Spanish loyalists fled to Puerto Rico - a fiercelyconservative Spanish colony during the early 1800s. French families alsoflocked here from both Louisiana and Haiti. As changing governments orviolent revolutions depressed the economies of Scotland andIreland, many farmers from those countries also journeyed to Puerto Ricoin search of a better life. 
When the United States acquired the island in 1898, American influence wasadded to culture.
During the mid-19th century, labor was needed to build roads, initially,Chinese workers were imported for this task, followed by workers from suchcountries as Italy, France, Germany, and even Lebanon. American expatriates cameto the island after 1898. Long after Spain had lost control of Puerto Rico,Spanish immigrants continued to arrive on the island. The most significant newimmigrant population arrived in the 1960s, when thousands of Cubans fled fromFidel Castro's Communist state. The latest arrivals to Puerto Rico have comefrom the economically depressed Dominican Republic. 

The unbearable inevitable.puerto rican genealogy dna test

The new and the old merged, where two worlds and many culture fused,creating an island of sharp contrasts. Today, this mix of culture can beperceived in the island's architecture, which mixes Spanish colonial withultra-modern, shown on the abundance of North American-style malls and fast-foodrestaurants that compete with small, family-run stores and restaurants.
Nationality: Puerto Rican
Noun
: a person born, raised, or living in Puerto Rico
: a person whose family is descended from the island of Puerto Rico 
: any item deriving it's origin from the island of Puerto Rico 
: any item relating to the people of Puerto Rico/Puerto Ricans 
Interesting Facts
Criollo (creole) is a word used today by Puerto Ricans to describe thingsnative to the island, such as: music, cuisine, language, arts, people,religion, and other aspects of the island culture.
It is known that Puerto Rican descendants call themselves Puerto Ricans. 'I am Puerto Rican, but I wasn't born there.'

The new and the old merged, where two worlds and many culture fused,creating an island of sharp contrasts. Today, this mix of culture can beperceived in the island's architecture, which mixes Spanish colonial withultra-modern, shown on the abundance of North American-style malls and fast-foodrestaurants that compete with small, family-run stores and restaurants.
Nationality: Puerto Rican
Noun
: a person born, raised, or living in Puerto Rico
: a person whose family is descended from the island of Puerto Rico 
: any item deriving it's origin from the island of Puerto Rico 
: any item relating to the people of Puerto Rico/Puerto Ricans 
Interesting Facts
Criollo (creole) is a word used today by Puerto Ricans to describe thingsnative to the island, such as: music, cuisine, language, arts, people,religion, and other aspects of the island culture.
It is known that Puerto Rican descendants call themselves Puerto Ricans. 'I am Puerto Rican, but I wasn't born there.'
The term 'Nuyorican' is used to identify New Yorkers born in Puerto Rico or of Puerto Rican descent who live in ornear New York City. The word Nuyorican derives from a combination of the words'New York' and 'Puerto Rican.'
Puerto Rico is a territory (Commonwealth) of the United States of America and Puerto Ricans have common citizenship, currency anddefense. Although Puerto Ricans are U.S. citizens, residents of Puerto Ricopay no federal income tax, nor can they vote in presidential elections. Ascitizens, Puerto Ricans do not require a work visa (also known as greencards) to live and/or work in the United States. 
Puerto Ricans consider themselves American but are fiercely proud of theirisland and their culture. They don't usually call themselves Americans or 'Americanos', but 'Puertorriqueños' or 'Boricuas.' To most Puerto Ricans, 'my country' means 'Puerto Rico', not the United States. Boricua, derived from the Taíno word Boriken is used to affirm Puerto Ricans devotion to the island's Taíno heritage. The word Boriken translates to 'the great land of the valiant and noble Lord'. Borikén was the original name used by the Taíno population before the arrival of the Spanish.

Definitions
Hispanic - relating to, or being a person of Latin American descent; especially: Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race. 
Latin - relating to the peoples or countries using Romance languages;specifically: of or relating to the peoples or countries of Latin America.
Race and Hispanic Origin (July 1, 2017)White alone: 69.4%
Black or African American alone: 9.1%
American Indian and Alaska Native alone: 0.3%
Asian alone: 0.3%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone: 0.0%
Two or More Races: 7.5%
Hispanic or Latino: 98.9%
White alone, not Hispanic or Latino: 0.8%
Vital StatisticsPopulation 3,189,068 (July 2020 est.) 
3,725,789 (2010 U.S. Census)
Summary: 1980 to 2006 (PDF) (projections (PDF))2010 Census: Puerto Rico Profile
Census of Population and Housing (Spanish/English) (PDF)
Economic and Social StatisticsSummary - Census Bureau
Population Density: 988 density per sq mi/382 persons per sq km (2015)
Puerto Rico's population density is among the world's highest - only Bangladesh, The Maldives, Barbados, Taiwan, South Korea and the city-states of Hong Kong and Singapore are more crowded. Puerto Rico population is equivalent to 0.05% of the total world population.
Population Split: Urban 71%; Rural 29%
Country Population Rank: 133rd (Jul 2014 est.)
U.S. Population Rank: 2nd (Jul 2012 est.) 
% of World Pop: 0.049% (Jul 2014 est.)
Interesting Fact
The population is 4.9 million, although about another 2 million Puerto Ricans live in the USA. 
The Census Bureau publishes estimates of total population anddemographic components of change (births, deaths,and migration) for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and its 78 municipios (municipalities). A municipio is the government unit that is the primary legal subdivision of Puerto Rico; the Census Bureau treats the municipio as the statistical equivalent of a county.
Population Growth Rate: -1.59% (2020 est.) 
Population Doubling Time: 88 years (2002)
Primary Ethnicity: Hispanic
Ethnic Composition:
white 75.8%, black/African American 12.4%, other 8.5% (includes American Indian, Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian, other Pacific Islander, and others), mixed 3.3%
99% of the population is Latino (2010 est.) 
The racial composition of Puerto Rico's population has not changed significantly. The first census by the United States in 1899 reported a population of 953,243 inhabitants, 61.8% of them classified as white, 31.9% as mixed, and 6.3% as black.
Total Urban Population: 2,664,000
Migration:
According to the 1990 Census of Population and Housing, 2.7 million PuertoRicans reside in the U.S., of which approximately one half are second andthird generation, having been born in the mainland. 
Net Migration Rate: -14.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.) 
Urbanization:
urban population: 93.6% of total population (2020)
rate of urbanization: -0.14% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)
Age Structure: 0-14 years: 14.22% (male 231,406/female 222,061)15-24 years: 12.78% (male 207,169/female 200,373)25-54 years: 37.73% (male 573,114/female 630,276)55-64 years: 13.5% (male 197,438/female 232,931)65 years and over: 21.77% (male 297,749/female 396,551) (2020 est.) Dependency ratios:total dependency ratio: 57.7youth dependency ratio: 24.8elderly dependency ratio: 32.8potential support ratio: 3 (2020 est.)Median Age:total: 43.6 yearsmale: 41.6 yearsfemale: 45.3 years (2020 est.) Sex Ratio:at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female15-24 years: 1.03 male(s)/female25-54 years: 0.91 male(s)/female55-64 years: 0.85 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/femaletotal population: 0.9 male(s)/female (2020 est.)Marriage Rate: 9.2 per 1000 persons
Divorce Rate: 4.47 per 1000 persons (2004)
HousingOwner-occupied housing unit rate, 2012-2016: 68.6%
Median value of owner-occupied housing units, 2012-2016: $118,600
Median selected monthly owner costs -with a mortgage, 2012-2016: $887
Median selected monthly owner costs -without a mortgage, 2012-2016: $154
Median gross rent, 2012-2016: $460
Families & Living Arrangements Households, 2012-2016: 1,237,180
Persons per household, 2012-2016: 2.82
Living in same house 1 year ago, percent of persons age 1 year+, 2012-2016: 92.8%
Language other than English spoken at home, percent of persons age 5 years+, 2012-2016: 94.5%
Family Average Size: 3.5 people
HealthBirth Rate: 8 births/1,000 population (2020 est.) 
Death Rate: 9.5 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.) 
Major causes of death per 100,000 population: (1993)142.6 heart and cardiovascular disease95.4 cancers 55.1 diabetes38.0 cerebrovascular disease 29.2 pneumonia and influenzaContraceptive Use: 84.1% of women aged 18-44 (2002) 
Maternal Mortality Rate: 21 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.) 
Infant Mortality Rate: total: 6 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 6.6 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 5.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.) Life Expectancy at Birth: total population: 81.3 yearsmale: 78 yearsfemale: 84.7 years (2020 est.) Total Fertility Rate: 1.24 children born/woman (2020 est.) 
 Drinking water source:
improved:urban: 93.6% of populationrural: 93.6% of populationtotal: 93.6% of populationunimproved:urban: 6.4% of populationrural: 6.4% of populationtotal: 6.4% of population (2001 est.) Physicians density: 
2.89 physicians/1,000 population (2016)
 Sanitation facility access:
improved:urban: 99.3% of populationrural: 99.3% of populationtotal: 99.3% of populationunimproved:urban: 0.7% of populationrural: 0.7% of populationtotal: 0.7% of population (2015 est.)Population with a disability, under age 65 years, percent, 2012-2016: 15.3%
Persons without health insurance, under age 65 years: 7.4%
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 18,422, 68% men, 32% women (2012)
 Puerto Rico ranked among the top 10 U.S. states or territories with the highest number of total AIDS cases among residents at the end of 2004.
EducationDuring the first three hundred years of Spanish rule education in the Islandwas limited to the teaching of Christian doctrine, arts, and grammar. The first text book published in the island was the 'Catecismo de DoctrinaCristiana', which appeared during the 1850's written by Bishop Gil Esteve.Classes were held only in main cities (San Juan, Arecibo, SanGerman and Coamo). Almost the entire population was illiterate. During therevolutionary period (1800-1840), the Spanish Government imposed a rigorouscensorship on the colonies. Books were rare, importation was opposed by theauthorities, who believed them to be instruments of sedition. This factexplains why, prior to 1840, there was very little printed matter in theIsland.
After the American occupation in 1898 education was entirely provided inEnglish with Spanish treated as a special subject. In 1915, under Commissionerof Education Dr. Paul G. Miller direction the method of teaching was changed,establishing Spanish as the medium of instruction in the four lower grades,English in the three higher grades, and both English and Spanish for themiddle grades. This method was used until November 1934, when Commissioner JoséPadín ordered that instruction be given in Spanish in all elementary grades with English taught as a special subject from the first grade. Cortex command downloadeagleaustin.
With the appointment of Dr. José M. Gallardo as Commissioner of Education in June 1937, a new school program was adopted with special stress placed on the teaching of English in accordance with the views of President Roosevelt, expressed in a letter addressed to Dr. Gallardo shortly after hisappointment: 'It is an indispensable part of American policy that thecoming generation of American citizens in Puerto Rico grow up with completefacility in the English tongue. It is the language of our nation. Only throughthe acquisition of this language will Puerto Rican Americans secure a betterunderstanding of American ideals and principles.' Instruction isgiven in Spanish, with English as a subject.
In July 25, 1952 the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico wasapproved indicting: 1) a public instruction system, free and nosegregated and 2) instruction will be free and compulsory.
Today, education is a matter of high priority for Puerto Rico, it is evidentin the island's overall literacy rate of 94 percent and its budget foreducation, approximately 40 percent. Puerto Rico also has one of the highest college education rates in the whole world.
Education is obligatory between 6 to17 years old. Primary school consists of six grades; the secondary levelsis divided into 2 cycles of 3 years each. The school term in publicschools starts in August through mid-December and January through lateMay. As of 2013, there are 1,460 public schools and another 764 private schools throughout the island. 
The school system is administered by the Department of Education andhas several levels of learning. The language used in the schools isSpanish, however, English is taught from kindergarten to high school aspart of the school curriculum. Some private schools provide Englishprograms where all classes are conducted in English except for theSpanish class.
Puerto Rico has more than 50 institutions of higher education, including universities, colleges, community colleges and technical institutes. PuertoRico has achieved one of the highest college education rates in the world(6th) with 56% of its college-age students attending institutions ofhigher learning, according to World Bank data.
High school graduate or higher, percent of persons age 25 years+, 2012-2016: 73.9%
Bachelor's degree or higher, percent of persons age 25 years+, 2012-2016: 24.6%
Registered Students by Education Levels: (2007-08 academicyear)Elementary (pre-kindergarten grade 8) .... 355,115Secondary (grades 9-12) .... 148,520Registered Students by School Groups: (1999-2000 academic year)Public Schools .... 612,793Private Schools .... 149,000Schools: 1,460 public schools, 764 private school and 65 universities. (2013)
Literacy Rate:definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 92.4%male: 92.4%female: 92.4% (2017)School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):total: 16 yearsmale: 15 yearsfemale: 17 years (2015)Education expenditures: 6% of GDP (2014) 
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:total: 26.6%male: 28.9%female: 23.1% (2012) LanguageSpanish and English are the official languages of Puerto Rico, but Spanish is without a doubt the dominant language. The U.S. Census Bureau reports that, in 2010, 94.9% of people spoke a language other than English at home. The U.S. Census Bureau also reports that only around 30% can speak English very well.In general, English is spoken by about 1/4 of the population-with limitedcapabilities. English is required in all federal matters and is spoken in all major tourist areas (80% Spanish, 20% other).
ReligionReligious freedom for all faiths is guaranteed by the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Churches of many denominations can be found throughout the island, with Christianity being the majority religion.
Religion plays a very important role in the lives of Puerto Ricans. 
According to one of the most recent surveys conducted by the Pew Research Center (2010), the majority of Puerto Ricans identified as Christians (96.7%), with a religious breakdown of: Catholics (69.7%), Protestants (25.1%), non-religious (1.9%), and others (3.3%). 
CatholicismHistorically, Puerto Ricans have been mostly Roman Catholic (69.7%) since the colonial era. Catholicism was brought to the island by the Spanish during their settlement that began in the early 1500s. Christian colonizers believed they had the right to conquer and colonize the New World to bring Christianity to the Native Americans. In 1511, Pope Julius II created a diocese in Caparra, the island's first settlement. 
Gradually Catholicism became the dominant religion in Puerto Rico. Although Catholicism in Puerto Rico stray away from some traditional dogma, rituals, and practices of Spain and Italy churches to combine elements Indian and African beliefs. Some islanders ascribe to Espiritismo, which combines elements of the Catholic religion and Indian beliefs in nature-dwelling spirits that can be called on to effect change in one's life. Others practice the Yoruba beliefs of Santería, introduced to the island by Yoruba slaves from West Africa.
Today, each town has at least one Catholic Church and generally located at the plaza or town center.
ProtestantismFollowing the United States acquisition of the island in 1898, Protestantism began to grow on the island. It is now the second largest religious group in the island (25.1%). 
The first Protestant church in Puerto Rico was Iglesia de la Santisima Trinidad, established in Ponce by the Anglican Diocese of Antigua in 1872. It was also the first non-Roman Catholic Church in the entire Spanish Empire in the Americas.
In recent decades, Pentecostal fundamentalism has developed in the island. Today, there are about 1,500 Evangelical churches in the island. There are Protestant services for Baptists, Episcopalians, Lutherans, and Presbyterians, and there are other interdenominational services.
Puerto Rico is also home to the largest Jewish community in the Caribbean. There is a Jewish Community Center in Miramar, and there's a Jewish Reformed Congregation in Santurce.
Other Christian DenominationsOther Christian denominations can include other churches and sects, like Seventh Day Adventists, Jehovah's Witnesses, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Defenders of the Faith, and Assemblies of God (1.9%). 
Other Religions Other religions practiced in the island include Islam, Judaism, indigenous religions, and African-based religions (1.4%).
Non-religiousThe non-religious demographic includes individuals who identify as agnostic, atheist, not affiliated, and unsure (1.9%).

Other Resources New office word for mac cant insert shape.
1990 Census of Population and Housing - SummaryPopulation and Housing Characteristics 
Bureau of the CensusIDB DataAccess
Census 2000: Puerto Rico Profile (PDF)
How Puerto Rico Became White: An Analysis of Racial Statistics in the 1910 and 1920 Censuses (PDF)
Population, Health, and Human Well-Being-- Puerto Rico by EarthTrends Country Profiles (PDF)
Population of Puerto Rico, urban and rural:1765 to 1950 (PDF)
Profiles of General Demographic Characteristics 2000 - Issued May 2001,U.S. Census Bureau (PDF)
Population of Puerto Rico, urban and rural:1765 to 1950 (PDF)


My latest discovery within my genealogy is the Legrand.
Jean Baptiste Legrand immigrated from New Orleans to Puerto Rico during the early 1800's when the Spanish royals had issued what was called Cedula de Gracia. To qualify the immigrant had to have had baptism within the catholic church. the immigrants were then granted land as well as official citizenship in the Spanish province of Puerto Rico. 
My other grandfather, Jean Louis Ales also immigrated to Puerto Rico during the early 1800's from the island of Saint Thomas He too was French.
Jean Baptiste Legrand was born in Soissons, France during the year of 1771. He died in Guayama, in the year of 1832. When he was living in New Orleans he had bought and sold many slaves. Before he immigrated to New Orleans he resided on the French province of Jeremie, Haiti, the paroisse of L' Arcahaye.
Source:
Name: Juan Bautista Legran Year: 1816 Place: Puerto Rico Source Publication Code: 1168 Primary Immigrant: Legran, Juan Bautista Annotation: History of 19th century immigration to Puerto Rico. Social and geographical analysis of the immigrants. Part 3 includes an alphabetical list of the names of settlers, year of arrival or stay, and, when available, occupation, place of origin, family, date Source Bibliography: CIFRE DE LOUBRIEL, ESTELA. La Inmigracion a Puerto Rico Durante el Siglo XIX, San Juan de Puerto Rico: Insituto de Cultura Puertorriquena, 1964. 441p. Page: 214
Source Citation: Place: Puerto Rico; Year: 1816; Page Number: 214.
Source Information:
The Unbearable Inevitable.puerto Rican Genealogy SocietyGale Research. Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc, 2010.
Original data: Filby, P. William, ed. Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s. Farmington Hills, MI, USA: Gale Research, 2010.'
Source 2: Slavery
Jacques
Gender: male
Race: black
Age (when this record was documented): 20.0
Other comments: Buyer is from Atacapas
Selling Information
Name of the Seller: Jean Baptiste Legrand
Name of the Buyer: Pierre Hayacinthe Bernard
Where slave went: : St Martin
Grouping: sold or inventoried as an individual
Selling Currency: p
Selling Value: 625
Selling Value: 625
Document: Information of the document that these records were retrieved.
Document Location: Orleans (including Chapitoulas).[Jefferson 1825]
Document Date: 1816-03-05
Document Number (from the document): 173
Notary Name: Broutin
Coder (person that encoded this record: Mabel Macias
Date of Sale: 18160305
Type of document: 
Any documents involving maroons, including reports of runaways, interrogation of caputred runaways, and testimony by slaves about runaways: no 
Language: French
Is this document of linguistic interest?: no 
Is this inventory or sale of an estate of a free person of African descent?: no 
Skill and Trade Information
Personality
Family Information
Was this slave inventoried with his/her mother?: no 
Was this slave sold with his/her mother?: no 
Importation Information
Was this slave being emancipated?: no 
Slave listed as dead?: no
Jean Louis
Gender: male
Race: black
Age (when this record was documented): 15.0
Selling Information
Name of the Seller: Jean Baptiste Legrand
Name of the Buyer: Louis Melchior Reynaud
Grouping: sold or inventoried as an individual
Selling Currency: P
Selling Value: 495
Selling Value: 495
Document: Information of the document that these records were retrieved.
Document Location: Orleans (including Chapitoulas).[Jefferson 1825]
Document Date: 1816-03-16
Document Number (from the document): 200
Notary Name: M. DeArmas
Coder (person that encoded this record: Philip McLeod
Type of document: 
Any documents involving maroons, including reports of runaways, interrogation of caputred runaways, and testimony by slaves about runaways: no 
Language: French
Is this document of linguistic interest?: no 
Is this inventory or sale of an estate of a free person of African descent?: no 
Skill and Trade Information
Personality
Family Information
Was this slave inventoried with his/her mother?: no 
Was this slave sold with his/her mother?: no 
Importation Information
Was this slave being emancipated?: no 
Slave listed as dead?: no
Jupiter
Gender: male
Race: black
Age (when this record was documented): 25.0
Other comments: Buyer is from Bayou St. Jean
Selling Information
Name of the Seller: Jean Bte & Gme.Malus Legrand., (Ayes, sic Jean Baptiste and Guillume Malus Legrand)
Name of the Buyer: Etienne Raspal
Grouping: sold or inventoried as an individual
Selling Currency: p
Selling Value: 600
Selling Value: 600
Document: Information of the document that these records were retrieved.
Document Location: Orleans (including Chapitoulas).[Jefferson 1825]
Document Date: 1815-08-05
Document Number (from the document): 417
Notary Name: Broutin
Coder (person that encoded this record: Mabel Macias
Date of Sale: 18150805
Type of document: 
Any documents involving maroons, including reports of runaways, interrogation of caputred runaways, and testimony by slaves about runaways: no 
Language: French
Is this document of linguistic interest?: no 
Is this inventory or sale of an estate of a free person of African descent?: no 
Skill and Trade Information
Skills and Occupations: blacksmith 'forgeron'
Skill: blacksmith, herero, forgeron
Personality
Family Information
Was this slave inventoried with his/her mother?: no 
Was this slave sold with his/her mother?: no 
Importation Information
Was this slave being emancipated?: no 
Slave listed as dead?: no
The Unbearable Inevitable.puerto Rican Genealogy SitesParker
Gender: male
Race: black
Age (when this record was documented): 15.5
Selling Information
Name of the Seller: Jean Baptiste Gadon
Name of the Buyer: Jean Legrand
Grouping: sold or inventoried as an individual
Selling Currency: p
Selling Value: 550
Selling Value: 550
Document: Information of the document that these records were retrieved.
Document Location: Orleans (including Chapitoulas).[Jefferson 1825]
Document Date: 1816-03-13
Document Number (from the document): 204
Notary Name: Broutin
Coder (person that encoded this record: Mabel Macias
Date of Sale: 18160313
Type of document: 
Any documents involving maroons, including reports of runaways, interrogation of caputred runaways, and testimony by slaves about runaways: no 
Language: French
Is this document of linguistic interest?: no 
Is this inventory or sale of an estate of a free person of African descent?: no 
Skill and Trade Information
Personality
Family Information
Was this slave inventoried with his/her mother?: no 
Was this slave sold with his/her mother?: no 
Importation Information
Was this slave being emancipated?: no 
Slave listed as dead?: no
Pierre
Gender: male
Race: black
Age (when this record was documented): 10.0
Selling Information
Name of the Seller: Julie Legrand
Name of the Buyer: Antoine Abat
Grouping: sold or inventoried in a group
Selling Currency: D
Selling Value: 2200
Selling Value: 2200
Document: Information of the document that these records were retrieved.
Document Location: Orleans (including Chapitoulas).[Jefferson 1825]
Document Date: 1817-02-24
Document Number (from the document): 101
Notary Name: Phillipe Pedasclaux
Coder (person that encoded this record: Philip McLeod
Type of document: 
Any documents involving maroons, including reports of runaways, interrogation of caputred runaways, and testimony by slaves about runaways: no 
Language: French
Is this document of linguistic interest?: no 
Is this inventory or sale of an estate of a free person of African descent?: no 
Skill and Trade Information
Personality
Family Information
Mother's Name: 1
Mother's Age: 40
Mother's Race: 3
Was this slave inventoried with his/her mother?: no 
Was this slave sold with his/her mother?: yes 
Importation Information
Was this slave being emancipated?: no 
Slave listed as dead?: no
Jacques
Gender: male
Race: black
Age (when this record was documented): 19.0
Selling Information
Name of the Seller: Pierre Bourg
Name of the Buyer: Jean Legrand
Grouping: sold or inventoried as an individual
Selling Currency: p
Selling Value: 400
Selling Value: 400
Document: Information of the document that these records were retrieved.
Document Location: Orleans (including Chapitoulas).[Jefferson 1825]
Document Date: 1815-07-31
Document Number (from the document): 395
Notary Name: Broutin
Coder (person that encoded this record: Mabel Macias
Date of Sale: 18150731
Type of document: 
Any documents involving maroons, including reports of runaways, interrogation of caputred runaways, and testimony by slaves about runaways: no 
Language: French
Is this document of linguistic interest?: no 
Is this inventory or sale of an estate of a free person of African descent?: no 
Skill and Trade Information
Personality
Family Information
Was this slave inventoried with his/her mother?: no 
Was this slave sold with his/her mother?: no 
Importation Information
Was this slave being emancipated?: no 
Slave listed as dead?: no
Jacques
Gender: male
Race: black
Age (when this record was documented): 26.0
Other comments: Legrand & Guillaume Malus are acting as testamentary executors of Balais estate
Selling Information
Last Name of Deceased: Balais
Name of the Seller: Jean Baptiste Legrand
Name of the Buyer: Pierre Camet
Grouping: sold or inventoried as an individual
Selling Currency: p
Selling Value: 500
Selling Value: 500
Document: Information of the document that these records were retrieved.
Document Location: Orleans (including Chapitoulas).[Jefferson 1825]
Document Date: 1815-11-13
Document Number (from the document): 625
Notary Name: Broutin
Coder (person that encoded this record: Mabel Macias
Date of Sale: 18151113
Type of document: 
Any documents involving maroons, including reports of runaways, interrogation of caputred runaways, and testimony by slaves about runaways: no 
Language: French
Is this document of linguistic interest?: no 
Is this inventory or sale of an estate of a free person of African descent?: no 
Skill and Trade Information
Personality
Family Information
Was this slave inventoried with his/her mother?: no 
Was this slave sold with his/her mother?: no 
Importation Information
Was this slave being emancipated?: no 
Slave listed as dead?: no
Jacques
Gender: male
Race: black
Age (when this record was documented): 20.0
Other comments: Buyer is from Atacapas
Selling Information
Name of the Seller: Jean Baptiste Legrand
Name of the Buyer: Pierre Hayacinthe Bernard
Where slave went: : St Martin
Grouping: sold or inventoried as an individual
Selling Currency: p
Selling Value: 625
Selling Value: 625
Document: Information of the document that these records were retrieved.
Document Location: Orleans (including Chapitoulas).[Jefferson 1825]
Document Date: 1816-03-05
Document Number (from the document): 173
Notary Name: Broutin
Coder (person that encoded this record: Mabel Macias
Date of Sale: 18160305
Type of document: 
Any documents involving maroons, including reports of runaways, interrogation of caputred runaways, and testimony by slaves about runaways: no 
Language: French
Is this document of linguistic interest?: no 
Is this inventory or sale of an estate of a free person of African descent?: no 
Skill and Trade Information
Personality
Family Information
Was this slave inventoried with his/her mother?: no 
Was this slave sold with his/her mother?: no 
Importation Information
Was this slave being emancipated?: no 
Slave listed as dead?: no
The Unbearable Inevitable.puerto Rican Genealogy Dna TestingJacques
Gender: male
Race: black
Age (when this record was documented): 18.0
Selling Information
Name of the Seller: Jean Baptiste Legrand
Name of the Buyer: Jean Gleises
Grouping: sold or inventoried as an individual
Selling Currency: p
Selling Value: 400
Selling Value: 400
Document: Information of the document that these records were retrieved.
Document Location: Orleans (including Chapitoulas).[Jefferson 1825]
Document Date: 1816-04-06
Document Number (from the document): 301
Notary Name: Broutin
Coder (person that encoded this record: Mabel Macias
Date of Sale: 18160406
Type of document: 
Any documents involving maroons, including reports of runaways, interrogation of caputred runaways, and testimony by slaves about runaways: no 
Language: French
Is this document of linguistic interest?: no 
Is this inventory or sale of an estate of a free person of African descent?: no 
Skill and Trade Information
Personality
Family Information
Was this slave inventoried with his/her mother?: no 
Was this slave sold with his/her mother?: no 
Importation Information
Was this slave being emancipated?: no 
Slave listed as dead?: no
Source for above slave sale and purchases:
Ancestry.com. Slave Registers of former British Colonial Dependencies, 1812-1834 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2007.
Original data: Office of Registry of Colonial Slaves and Slave Compensation Commission: Records; (The National Archives Microfilm Publication T71); Records created and inherited by HM Treasury; The National Archives of the UK (TNA), Kew, Surrey, England.
Slave Registers of former British Colonial Dependencies, 1812-1834 Record for Jean Baptiste Legrand Slave Registers of former British Colonial Dependencies, 1812-1834
My point here is that my mother's mtDNA, despite being Haplo Group C, (Indigenous) reveals those French sequences as well as German and Russian sequences. One has to remember that the mtDNA is only a very small part of human genetics. About 16 percent. The mtDNA thus reflects what is contained within the human genome containing equal genetics of what your ancestral mothers and fathers have contributed.
 My grandmother and her maternal lineage have contributed to my mtDNA. Awhile back I found the font of that maternal, ancestral Haplo Group C It wasn't Taino genetics, it was in fact the genetics of
the Guanajatabey who lived in the extreme Western part of Cuba and Isla Espanola. Historically the Taino had been in the habit of enslaving the Guanajatabey they had captured. Those sequences go back to the year 1,999 BC in Cuba and 640 BC in the Isla Espanola. Mixed in with my grandmother's mtDNA are those Spanish sequences coming out of the surname of Maldonado.
 To further complicate matters genetically, my father's yDNA revealed heavy Berber and Eoropean sequences.
Since there are over a hundred persons from Spain, Mexico, South America who match my mtDNA this informs me that the Guanajatabey aren't extinct like some scientists have tried to convince us.
In the past I had stated publically that I had ancestral roots within the Taino ancestors. That statement had been made before I had begun my research and discovery project on my Haplo Group C.
Entwined within those mtDNA results are Haplo Group variants of C. C1, C2 etc. I am still researching to find out what those variations mean and what tribe they might belong to.
When I find out I will publish my findings herein. 
The lesson herein is thus: Despite our claim to Indigenous roots, deeply entwined within our genetics are the influences of our European Heritage. It can't be denied because its in your face when you look into the mirror in the morning. 